Gender Discourse in the Perspective of Comte and Durkheim's Structuralism

Cristophel Van Harling

doi:10.36256/ijrs.v8i1.517

Gender Discourse in the Perspective of Comte and Durkheim's Structuralism

Cristophel Van Harling

Abstract

This study aims to analyze how social structures influence gender roles based on the structuralist perspective through the thoughts of Auguste Comte and Emile Durkheim. The study applies a qualitative descriptive method with a literature study approach, analyzing academic texts to identify the construction of gender roles through cultural norms and social institutions. Comte's three stages of societal evolution (theological, metaphysical, and positive) highlight the dynamic nature of gender roles shaped by dominant epistemologies. Meanwhile, Durkheim's theory of mechanical and organic solidarity frames the gender role transition from rigid traditional assignments to more flexible roles in modern society. The results show that although structural changes have occurred, gender inequality persists due to lingering patriarchal norms. Therefore, gender equity requires systemic reforms in policies and socio-cultural structures. Understanding the underlying structure of society helps to reframe gender roles toward a more egalitarian social order.

Keywords

Gender Roles; Structuralism; Coumte; Durkheim; Social Structure

Full Text:

PDF

References

Alfionita, E. N. (2019). The Meaning of Meaning dalam Teori Lacan. Jurnal Kajian Seni, 4(1), 79. https://doi.org/10.22146/jksks.44427

Anwar, A., Pababbari, M., Sastrawati, N., & Ibrahim, M. (2023). Auguste Comte dan Kontribusinya terhadap Kajian Sosiologi Dakwah. Sosiologia: Jurnal Agama Dan Masyarakat, 2(1), 1–11.

Archer, J., & Lloyd, B. (2002). Sex and Gender (J. Archer & B. Lloyd (eds.); 2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.

Beti, O., Kolne, Y., & Korbaffo, Y. S. (2023). Ontologi Budaya Patriarki Terhadap Konstruksi Sosial Berbasis Gender Di Desa Naob, Kecamatan Noemuti Timur, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara Tahun 2023. SINERGI: Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, 1(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.62335/g7rtyk35

Br Ginting, I. M., & Soiman, S. (2024). Perencanaan Dakwah BKMT dalam Mensosialisasikan Konsep Kesetaraan Gender di Kecamatan Medan Selayang. Ranah Research: Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 6(4), 970–975. https://doi.org/10.38035/rrj.v6i4.921

Butler, J. (1990a). Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (L. Nicholson (ed.); 1st ed.). Routledge.

Butler, J. (1990b). Gender Trouble (L. Nicholson (ed.); 1st ed.). Routledge.

Chabibi, M. (2019). Hukum Tiga Tahap Auguste Comte dan Kontribusinya terhadap Kajian Sosiologi Dakwah. NALAR: Jurnal Peradaban Dan Pemikiran Islam, 3(1), 14–26. https://doi.org/10.23971/njppi.v3i1.1191

Chafetz, J. S. (1990). Gender equity: an integrated theory of stability and change. Sage Publications.

Collins, P. H., & Bilge, S. (2020). Intersectionality. John Wiley & Sons.

Connel, R. (1995). Masculinities (2nd ed.). Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.

Connell, R. (2009). Gender (Vol. 14). Polity.

Connell, R. W. (1994). Psychoanalysis on masculinity. Theorizing Masculinities, 11–38.

Durkheim, E., & Halls, W. D. (1997). The Division of Labor in Society. Free Press.

Durkheim, E., & Lukes, S. (1982). Rules of Sociological Method. Free Press.

Emilio, H., Barrios, M., Rosa, A., Brochero, E., Paola, E., Milena, S., & Sánchez, G. (2022). Contributions of Macrosocial Sociological Streams to Research: Positivism, Functionalism, Marxism and Structuralism. Russian Law Journal, X (4), 855–864. https://doi.org/10.52783/rlj.v10i4.4448

Engels, F., & Untermann, E. (2021). The Origin of The Family, Private Property and The State. Politics and Kinship: A Reader, 217–223. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003003595-17

Giddens, A. (2009). Sociology (6th ed.). Wiley.

Hasanah, U. (2019). Kontribusi Pemikiran Auguste Comte (Positivisme) Terhadap Dasar Pengembangan Ilmu Dakwah. Al-I’lam: Jurnal Komunikasi Dan Penyiaran Islam, 2(2), 70. https://doi.org/10.31764/jail.v2i1.1261

Hermanto, A. (2017). Teori Gender Dalam Mewujudkan Kesetaraan: Menggagas Fikih Baru. Jurnal Hukum Islam, 5(2), 6.

Hooks, B. (2000). Feminism is for Everybody: Passionate Politics (G. Watkins (ed.). Pluto Press.

Jumiati, N., Hamidsyukrie, H., & Suryanti, N. M. N. (2023). Nilai Solidaritas Sosial dalam Tradisi Mbolo Weki Pada Adat Perkawinan Suku Bima (Mbojo) di Desa Rabadompu Kecamatan Raba Kota Bima Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan, 8(1b), 829–833. https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v8i1b.1304

Khanifah, A., & Legowo, M. (2022). Analisis Tingkat Literasi Gender Terhadap Konstruksi Kesetaraan Gender Pada Pemuda di Kota Tangerang Selatan. Egalita Jurnal Kesetaraan Dan Keadilan Gender, 17(2), 31–43. https://doi.org/10.18860/egalita.v17i2.17802

Leak, A. (1994). Barthes: Mythologies; Critical Guides to French Texts (B. Little, W. . Emden, & D. Williams (eds.). Grant & Cutler Ltd.

Lehmann, J. M. (1994). Durkheim and Women. University of Nebraska Press.

Lorber, J. (2010). GENDER INEQUALITY: Feminist Theories and Politics (4th ed., p. 4). Oxford University Press.

Manshur, F. M. (2019). Kajian Teori Formalisme Dan Strukturalisme. SASDAYA: Gadjah Mada Journal of Humanities, 3(1), 79. https://doi.org/10.22146/sasdayajournal.43888

Maulana, Z. A. (2022). Konsep filsafat positivisme perspektif auguste comte. 7(3), 31–40.

Maulida, H. (2021). Perempuan dalam Kajian Sosiologi Gender: Konstruksi Peran Sosial, Ruang Publik, dan Teori Feminis. Journal of Politics and Democracy, 1(1), 71–79. https://doi.org/10.61183/polikrasi.v1i1.6

Maulidia, H. (2019). Relasi Agama Dan Masyarakat Dalam Perspektif Emile Durkheim Dan Karl Marx. Jurnal Sosiologi USK, 13(2), 183–200.

Munir, M. (2015). Sistem kekerabatan dalam kebudayaan Minangkabau: perspektif aliran filsafat strukturalisme Jean Claude Levi-Strauss. Jurnal Filsafat, 25(1), 1–31.

MURRAY, M. (1990). Pekerjaan, Ketenagakerjaan & Masyarakat. Work, Employment & Society, 4(3), 473–475. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23747673

Muttaqien, Z. (2019). Peran Perempuan dalam Tradisi Sunda Wiwitan. Khazanah Theologia, 1(1), 23–39. https://doi.org/10.15575/kt.v1i1.7123

Nayebi, H., Moeidfar, S., Serajzadeh, H., & Faizi, I. (2017). Anomie Theory of Durkheim and Merton, imilarities, Differences and Methods of Measurement. Social Welfare Quarterly, 17(66), 9–52.

Ningtyas, D. P. A., Al Uyun, D., & Susmayanti, R. (2023). Peran Bantuan Hukum Struktural dalam Transformasi Sosial: Sebuah Upaya Mewujudkan Kesetaraan Gender dan Perubahan Struktur dalam Masyarakat. Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan Hukum, 17(3), 327. https://doi.org/10.30641/kebijakan.2023.v17.327-348

Parsons, T. (1951). The Social System (B. S. Turner (ed.)). Routledge. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203992951

Pickering, M. (2009). Auguste Comte: An Intellectual Biography. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/9780511605352

Pramanick, S. (2022). John Stuart Mill’s Liberal Feminism: Assessing its Impact on Gender Equality and Individual Freedom. RESEARCH HUB International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 9(12), 47–51. https://doi.org/10.53573/rhimrj.2022.v09i12.008

Ridgeway, C. L. (2009). Framed before we know it: How gender shapes social relations. Gender and Society, 23(2), 145–160. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243208330313

Ritzer, G., & Stepnisky, J. (2011). The Wiley-Blackwell companion to major social theorists. John Wiley & Sons.

Rohmany, S. M., Alfirdaus, L. K., & Fitriyah. (2023). Kebijakan Perlindungan Pekerja Perempuan dari Perspektif Keadilan Gender dan Hak-Hak Pekerja Perempuan (Studi Kasus Pekerja Perempuan PT X di Kabupaten Jepara). Journal of Politic and Government Studies, 12(4), 100–119.

Seidman, S. (2011). Contested Knowledge: Social Theory Today (4th ed.). Wiley.

Sinulingga, S. P. (2016). Teori Pendidikan Moral Menurut Emile Durkheim Relevansinya Bagi Pendidikan Moral Anak di Indonesia. Jurnal Filsafat, 26(2), 214. https://doi.org/10.22146/jf.12784

Smith, D. E. (1987). The everyday world as problematic: A feminist sociology. University of Toronto Press.

Soekanto, S. H. (2017). Hubungan Hukum Adat dengan Hukum Islam. Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan, 17(2), 4.

Sydie, R. A. (1994). Natural Women, Cultured Men: A Feminist Perspective on Sociological Theory (1st ed.). UBC Press.

Tanjung, N. S. (2023). Struktur Sosial Dalam Masyarakat Nelayan di Rempang Kepulauan Riau. Jurnal Hukum Dan HAM Wara Sains, 2(11), 1073–1080. https://doi.org/10.58812/jhhws.v2i11.801

Tiryakian, E. A. (2016). For Durkheim: Essays in Historical and Cultural Sociology. Routledge.

Turner, J. H. (2003). The structure of sociological theory. In TA - TT - (7th ed). Wadsworth Thomson Learning. https://doi.org/LK - https://worldcat.org/title/48675642

Wati Alwi, R., & Sofiatulhaq, S. (2024). Penguatan Revitalisasi Kesetaraan Gender Melalui Peran Manajemen Kurikulum dalam Mengatasi Masalah Putus Sekolah di SMA Bumi Sejahtera Cibungbulang Bogor. Rayah Al-Islam, 8(3), 860–872. https://doi.org/10.37274/rais.v8i3.1022

Wernick, A. (2001). Auguste Comte and the Religion of Humanity: The Post-theistic Program of French Social Theory. Cambridge University Press.

Wibowo, G. A., Chairuddin, C., Rahman, A., & Riyadi, R. (2022). Kesetaraan Gender: Sebuah Tijauan Teori Feminisme. Seuneubok Lada: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Sejarah, Sosial, Budaya Dan Kependidikan, 9(2), 121–127. https://doi.org/10.33059/jsnbl.v10i2.6360

Widyasari, A., & Suyanto, S. (2023). Pembagian Kerja dalam Rumah Tangga antara Suami dan Istri yang Bekerja. Endogami: Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Antropologi, 6(2), 209–226. https://doi.org/10.14710/endogami.6.2.209-226

Wiley, J. & S. (2017). Literary Theory an Anthology (J. Rivkin (ed.); 3rd ed.). Willey Blackwell.

Willard, E. (1819). A Plan for Improving Female Education.

Wollstonecraft, M. (1792). From a vindication of the rights of woman with strictures on political and moral subjects. Documenting First Wave Feminism Transnational Collaborations and Crosscurrents, 1, 22–23.

Yulianti, Y., & Syahriyah, U. U. (2023). Melawan Konstruksi Sosial dan Budaya Terhadap Perempuan: Mewujudkan Keadilan Gender dalam Rumah Tangga. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Indonesia (JISI), 4(2), 79–86. https://doi.org/10.15408/jisi.v4i2.37129

Yunara, E., Yeni, I., & Irfan, M. I. (2023). Pengaruh Pemberdayaan Perempuan Dalam Ekonomi Dan Politik Terhadap Pembangunan Perempuan di Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi Dan Pembangunan, 5(2), 79. https://doi.org/10.24036/jkep.v5i2.14862

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36256/ijrs.v8i1.517